List of South American countries by population

Brazil is the most populous country in South America. Brazil is the only South American country with a total number of humans above 100 mn. Brazil is followed by Colombia, Argentina, Peru, and Venezuela. The top five countries together hold a huge 86% share of the South American population. As of 2021, Eight countries have a population above 10 million. The least populous country in South America is Suriname. The Falkland Islands is the least populous region in South America. Four countries/dependent territories in South America have a population below one million.

Only one South American country is on the list of the top ten most populous countries globally as it hosts Brazil, the world's 6th most populous country. On the other hand, five countries are within the top 50 world population ranking.

Out of 14 countries/territories, None of the countries would see a population decrease in 2021 compared to 2020. Brazil would be the top contributor to the total population increment in 2021. Brazil accounts for 41 percent of the total population increase in South America. Brazil's population increased by 1.43 million, followed by Argentina (410k).

French Guiana would have the highest population growth rate of 2.60% in 2021. French Guiana is the only region in South America with having growth rate above 2%. Six countries/regions have a growth rate above 1%. Only one region is on the list of the world's top 50 fastest-growing nations. Uruguay would have the lowest population growth rate of 0.33%

In 1950, Argentina was the 2nd most populous country on the continent, ahead of Colombia, currently at 2nd spot. By 2100, Argentina will again become 2nd most populous country on the continent.

By 2100, Guyana will become the least populous country.