List of South American countries by population

Brazil is the most populous country in South America. Brazil is the only South American country with a total number of humans above 100 million. Brazil holds close to 50% of the continent's population. Brazil is followed by Colombia, Argentina, Peru, and Venezuela. The top five countries together hold a huge 85.64% share of the South American population. As of 2025, eight countries have a population above 10 million. The least populous country in South America is Suriname. The Falkland Islands is the least populous region in South America. Four countries/dependent territories in South America have a population below one million.

Only one South American country is on the list of the top ten most populous countries globally, as it hosts Brazil, the world's 7th most populous country. On the other hand, four countries are within the top 50 world population ranking.

Out of 14 countries/territories, only Uruguay and the Falkland Islands would see a population decrease in 2025. Brazil would be the top contributor to the total population increment in 2025. Brazil accounts for 32% of the total population increase in South America. Brazil's population increased by 780k, followed by Colombia (525k).

French Guiana would have the highest population growth rate of 1.65% in 2025. Four countries/regions have a growth rate above 1%. Only three regions are in the list of the world's top 100 fastest-growing nations. Uruguay would have the lowest population growth rate of -0.12%.

In 1950, Argentina was the 2nd most populous country on the continent, ahead of current 2nd ranker Colombia. Colombia will remain the 2nd most populous country on the continent.

Suriname will remain the least populous country until 2100.